Sarus Crane

Sarus cranes live in Southeast Asia, northern India and in northern Australia. Three populations are currently recognized, each one occupying a distinct range. The Indian sarus crane lives in northern and central India, Pakistan and Nepal. The Eastern Sarus crane used to live throughout Southeast Asia but now is confined to Vietnam and Cambodia, with a small population in Myanmar. The Australian Sarus crane lives in northern Australia. These cranes live mainly in wetlands such as canals, marshes and ponds, sometimes near humans. They inhabit cultivated areas too, and high-altitude wetlands. Breeding is further inland, but always in a wet area. During the dry season, the Sarus crane occurs in shallow wetlands, wet grasslands or rice fields. 

The Sarus crane is the tallest flying bird in the world standing 152-156 cm tall with a wingspan of 240cm. It has a predominantly grey plumage with a naked red head and upper neck and pale red legs. Females are smaller, growing to about 35-40kg, while the males grow bigger, up to 40-45kg. It is a social creature, found mostly in pairs or small groups of three or four. Known to mate for life with a single partner, its breeding season coincides with heavy rainfall in monsoon. Nests are constructed on water in natural wetlands or in flooded paddy fields. Usually a clutch has only one or two eggs, which are incubated by both parents for a period of 26 to 35 days. The juveniles follow their parents from the day of birth.
The main threat to the Sarus crane in India is habitat loss and degradation due to draining the wetland and conversion of land for agriculture. The landscape of its historic range is rapidly changing due to construction of highways, housing colonies, roads, and railway lines.